The time should include the time taken to earn the money to pay the cost of the travel (including parking), as well as the actual journey time (which itself should include search and access/egress times for car parking and something for travel time variability).For commuting to the central city, a 5km (each way) journey by car would cost the equivalent of around 50 minutes average after-tax earnings in Australian capital cities, unless you have 'free' employe